Your Cheat Sheet to the 2024 General Elections

Bolts guides you through more than 500 elections up and down the ballot, and why they matter.
   |   
October 2, 2024
A mural designed by art educator Andrew Woodward in Virginia (Alexa Welch Edlund/Richmond Times-Dispatch via AP)

It’s not all about the presidential race and its few core swing states on Nov. 5: Beyond the battle between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump, voters are deciding tens of thousands of offices and ballot measures.

Enter our annual cheat sheet to help you track this busy general election.

On this page, we have identified 540 elections (and counting) up and down the ballot, and why they matter. This includes powerful officials, from U.S. senators and state supreme courts to sheriffs and mayors, plus dozens of ballot measures.

Our guide features at least one non-federal race for all 50 states, plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico.

You can also download a printable, PDF version to use as a worksheet on Election Night.

So, which districts that will decide who runs the nation’s tightest legislative chambers, what measures will shape criminal justice and voting rights, which local school boards feature heated battles for power? Scroll down to explore what interests you below—or simply search for key terms like your state on your browser: The items will unfurl even when they’re closed.

You can also jump straight to the sections of this guide that break down the key state legislatures, the battle for Congress, attorneys general, state courts, state and local election officials, prosecutors, sheriffs, local leaders like mayors and councilors, and school boards, as well as referendums on abortion, criminal justice, drug policy, voting rights, labor, transit, housing, climate, education, and much more. Bolts has also published guides to all supreme court races, all secretary of state races, and the 33 most pivotal sheriff and prosecutor races.

Keep an eye on other key races to be added through election day. But remember, this is not an exhaustive list but our selection of what to watch among thousands of possibilities. You can likely get a sample ballot on the website of your local election offices for a full list of what you’ll be voting on in your backyard.

We also encourage readers to visit Ballotpedia for its invaluable resources. And be sure to return on and after election night, as we will update with results once they are known.

Support us

Bolts is a non-profit newsroom that relies on donations, and it takes resources to produce this work. If you appreciate our value, become a monthly donor or make a contribution.

The 51 trifectas

U.S. Senate
Democrats are likely to hold 42 seats, and the GOP 46 seats, before accounting for the 12 races on this list.
Dem-held
ArizonaGOP
MichiganDem
MarylandDem
MontanaGOP
NevadaGOP
PennsylvaniaGOP
OhioGOP
WisconsinDem
West VirginiaGOP
GOP-held
FloridaGOP
NebraskaGOP
TexasGOP
U.S. House
A seat is included if rated unsafe by one of: Cook, Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections.
All Dem-held districts carried by Donald Trump in 2020:
AK-ALGOP
ME-02Dem
NC-06GOP
NC-13GOP
NC-14GOP
OH-09Dem
PA-08GOP
WA-03Dem
*The only such district excluded is the new GA-07: the state’s 6th and 7th districts are due to trade partisan hands due to a redrawing.
Only if competitive, Dem-held districts carried by Joe Biden in 2020:
CA-09Dem
CA-47Dem
CA-49Dem
CO-08GOP
CT-05Dem
FL-09Dem
IL-17Dem
IN-01Dem
KS-03Dem
MD-06Dem
MI-03Dem
MI-07GOP
MI-08Dem
MN-02Dem
NV-01Dem
NV-03Dem
NV-04Dem
NH-01Dem
NH-02Dem
NM-02Dem
NC-01Dem
NY-03Dem
NY-18Dem
OH-01Dem
OH-13Dem
OR-04Dem
OR-06Dem
PA-07GOP
PA-17Dem
VA-07Dem
TX-28Dem
TX-34Dem
WA-08Dem
All GOP-held districts carried by Joe Biden:
AL-02Dem
AZ-01GOP
AZ-06GOP
CA-13Dem
CA-22GOP
CA-27Dem
CA-40GOP
CA-45Dem
LA-06Dem
NE-02GOP
NJ-07GOP
NY-04Dem
NY-17GOP
NY-19Dem
NY-22Dem
OR-05Dem
PA-01GOP
VA-02GOP
*The only such district excluded is the new GA-06: the state’s sixth and seven districts are due to trade partisan hands due to a redrawing.
Only if competitive, GOP-held districts carried by Trump:
AZ-02GOP
CA-03GOP
CA-41GOP
CO-03GOP
FL-13GOP
FL-27GOP
IA-01GOP
IA-03GOP
MI-10GOP
MT-01GOP
NY-01GOP
PA-10GOP
TN-05GOP
TX-15GOP
WI-01GOP
WI-03GOP
President: The race to 270
Harris is likely to win 225 electoral votes, and Trump 219, before the following eight results.
The “Blue Wall”
Michigan
15
GOP
Pennsylvania
19
GOP
Wisconsin
10
GOP
The Sun Belt
Arizona
11
GOP
Georgia
16
GOP
Nevada:
6
GOP
North Carolina
16
GOP
The Blue Dot
Nebraska’s 2nd district
1
Dem

Governors
This covers all governor’s races taking place this fall.
Dem-held
DelawareDem
North CarolinaDem
WashingtonDem
GOP-held
IndianaGOP
MissouriGOP
MontanaGOP
New HampshireGOP
North DakotaGOP
UtahGOP
VermontGOP
West VirginiaGOP
Key legislative chambers
These are chambers that may flip, or where a supermajority is at stake.
GOP-held: Will it flip?
Arizona SenateGOP
Arizona HouseGOP
New Hampshire HouseGOP
New Hampshire SenateGOP
Pennsylvania SenateGOP
Wisconsin HouseGOP
Wisconsin SenateGOP
Dem-held: Will it flip?
Maine SenateDem
Maine HouseDem
Michigan HouseGOP
Minnesota SenateDem
Minnesota HouseTied
Nevada HouseDem
Pennsylvania HouseDem
Will Dems win a supermajority?
California SenateYes
California HouseYes
Delaware HouseNo
Nevada HouseNo
Nevada SenateNo
Vermont SenateNo
Vermont HouseNo
Will GOP win a supermajority?
Kansas HouseYes
Kansas SenateYes
Montana HouseNo
Montana SenateNo
Nebraska SenateYes
North Carolina SenateYes
North Carolina HouseNo
Key legislative districts
Alaska Senate
| What matters for control?

The bipartisan coalition running the chamber is sure to retain a majority next year, but its size could shrink if coalition members lose Districts D, L, and N, the Alaska Beacon reports. Also, District P may determine whether Democrats have more members within the coalition.
Alaska House
| What matters for control?

In this complex chamber, some Democrats and independents are caucusing with the GOP while two Republicans don’t. The GOP hopes to strengthen its numbers, and many districts could change hands based on the August primary: HD 1, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, 22, 31, 38, and 40.
Arizona House and Senate
| What matters for control?

To gain this legislature for the first time in decades, Democrats must flip two seats in each chamber. The key races are in legislative districts 2, 4, 9, 13, 16, 17, 23, and 27, the Arizona Republic reports. (House and Senate members are elected within the same districts.)

In the Senate, Democrats’ main target is SD2, where GOP incumbent Shawnna Bolick voted earlier this year to advance a measure that could nullify the reelection bid of her husband, a supreme court justice.
Delaware
| What matters for a supermajority?

Democrats need to gain two seats to win a supermajority in this chamber, which could come in handy to override vetoes even if the governor is a Democrat. Watch HD 9, 21, and 22 as Democrats’ best opportunities.

Democrats are certain to keep a supermajority in the state Senate.
Georgia Senate
| SD 48


Republican Senator Shawn Still was a fake Trump elector in late 2020, and he was indicted alongside the former president for trying to interfere with the presidential race. He is now challenged by Ashwin Ramaswami, a 25-year old Democrat.
Michigan House
| What matters for control?

Can Michigan Democrats keep their trifecta for two more years? The governorship and Senate are not on the ballot, so it all comes down to the House: Democrats unexpectedly flipped it in 2022 with a narrow majority (56 to 54) and many competitive seats could go either way this year; the GOP needs to gain just one seat to tie the chamber.

Two years ago, Democrats won 11 seats by margins that were well under ten percentage points (HD22, 27, 31, 38, 44, 48, 58, 61, 83, 103, 109), and the GOP won six by such tight margins (HD28, 29, 54, 55, 57, 62), so watch those closely.
Minnesota Senate
| SD 45

There’s just one Senate district on the ballot this fall—it’s a special election—but Democrats have just a one-seat majority in the Senate and they need to defend this seat to retain control.
Minnesota House
| What matters for control?

The GOP needs to gain three seats to tie this Democratic-run chamber, and plenty of seats could shift to one party or another: This chamber has a lot of tight districts.

MinnPost identifies 18 districts to watch. The GOP hopes to gain 7B, 14B, 18A, 26A, 32B, 35A, 35B, 48B, 54A. Democrats hope to gain 3B, 11A, 14A, 36A, 41A, 41B, 45A, 55A, 57B.
Nebraska Senate
| What matters for a supermajority?

Democrats have blocked some bills via filibusters in recent years, but the GOP gained a supermajority in April when Senator Mike McDonnell switched parties. He is not seeking reelection, and Democrats hope to flip back his seat (SD5). But they also must defend several seats that lean red: SD3, 15, and 49.

Plus, candidates’ party IDs will not be listed on the ballot, so more races could defy expectations.
Nevada Senate
| What matters for a supermajority?

Democrats are one Senate seat short of having veto proof majorities in the Nevada legislature, and they have one clear target to close that gap: SD15, a district that Biden carried in 2020 and from which the GOP incumbent is retiring.

Two other seats to watch: SD5 and 6, two tight districts, one held by each party, where incumbents are running for reelection.
New Hampshire House
| What matters for control?

Control of this chamber is very uncertain given that it ended in a near-tie two years ago; but the state is divided into 400 small districts, so there can be no succinct list of key races for control.
North Carolina House & Senate
| What matters for a supermajority?


The GOP currently can override the Democratic governor’s vetoes, but with no votes to spare in either chamber. For Democrats to gain just one seat in either chamber would end that.

In the Senate, Democrats’ best shot of a pick-up is to target GOP incumbents Michael Lee in SD7 or Lisa Barnes in SD11. But the GOP is hoping to gain ground instead, and flip Dem-held SD13, 18, or 42.

Democrats have more targets in the House: They say they hope to oust GOP incumbents in HD24, 25, 32, 37, and 105; they’re also running on abortion to flip the open HD98. Erin Paré, the HD37 incumbent, is the only Republican left in Wake County. But here, too, the GOP is on the offensive in seats like the open HD35, and against incumbents in HD73 and 115.
North Carolina
| House District 105

This one will help determine if the GOP keeps its veto proof majority in the House, but it’s more than that: Representative Tricia Cotham’s decision to switch to the GOP last year gave Republicans their supermajority, paving the way for rapid upheavals like new abortion restrictions. She now faces Democrat Nicole Sidman in a race that Democrats have made a priority this fall—but the GOP redrew the House map to help Cotham.
Pennsylvania
| What matters for control?

Democrats haven’t run this chamber in three decades, and this year they likely can’t do better than a tie because only half the chamber is up. 

Just to get there, they need to flip three seats. The Capital Star identifies the GOP’s vulnerable seats as SD15, SD37, and SD49, while Democrats have to defend SD45.
Pennsylvania House
| What matters for control?

Democrats unexpectedly flipped this chamber in 2022 with the thinnest of majorities (102 to 101), and the chamber is now one of the most competitive in the nation, with a large field of competitive races previewed here by Spotlight Pennsylvania and the Inquirer.

Pay close attention to the districts where the results were within 10 percentage points two years ago; that’s Democratic-held HD72, 118, 121, 144 and 151, and GOP-held HD 7, 9, 18, 137, and 142.
Washington
| House District 2

Two conservative Republicans are facing off in this general election, but the race stands out because one of the candidates—Matt Marshall—has ties to right-wing militia and has defended a former lawmaker removed from the state legislature over accusations of domestic terrorism.
Wisconsin House and Senate
| What matters for control?

The victory of a liberal supreme court justice in April of 2023 paved the way for a ruling that struck down the GOP’s heavy legislative gerrymanders last year. This fall’s legislative elections are taking place under radically different maps that give Democrats their best chance at flipping the chambers—especially in the Assembly, since only half of the state Senate is up this year.

Given the new maps, there are too many potentially competitive districts to list here—but Wisconsin journalist Dan Shafer has analyzed each and every Assembly and Senate race.
Wyoming House
| What matters for control?

The state’s far right, organized in the Wyoming Freedom Caucus, already made major gains in the GOP primaries this summer. Now the Freedom Caucus is in a strong position to capture a majority of the legislature by itself, without needing the rest of the Republican Caucus. WyoFile reports that Democrats will need to win many contested seats, with HD11, HD33, and HD41 leading the way as the most competitive.

Who will run the federal government?
Result
White House?GOP
Senate?GOP
House?
Who will run each state?
Currently Dem-run (17 states):
Result
CADem
CODem
CTDem
DEDem
ILDem
HIDem
MADem*
MDDem*
ME
MISplit
MN
NJDem*
NMDem
NYDem
ORDem
RIDem*
WADem
*These four states are sure to remain under Dem control: Relevant offices are not on the ballot, and/or Dems are unopposed in a majority of seats.
Currently GOP-run (23 states):
Result
ALGOP*
ARGOP
FLGOP
GAGOP
IDGOP
INGOP
IAGOP
LAGOP*
MSGOP*
MOGOP
MTGOP
NEGOP
NH
NDGOP
OKGOP*
OHGOP
SCGOP
SDGOP
TNGOP
TXGOP
UTGOP
WVGOP
WYGOP*
*These five states are certain to remain under GOP control: Relevant offices are not on the ballot, and/or the GOP is unopposed in a majority of seats.
Currently split government (10 states):
Result
AKSplit
AZ
KSSplit
KYSplit*
NCSplit
NVSplit
PASplit
VTSplit
VASplit*
WISplit
*These two states are certain to remain split, because relevant offices are not on the ballot, and/or too many seats are uncontested.

Referendums

Abortion rights
Arizona

Prop 139: On establishing a right to abortion access.
Yes
California: San Francisco

Prop O: On shoring up local protections for abortion rights.
Yes
Colorado

Amendment 79: On establishing a right to abortion access.
Yes
Florida

Amendment 4: On establishing a right to abortion access, overturning a 6-week ban.
No
Maryland

Question 1: On establishing a right to reproductive freedom, including abortion access.
Yes
Missouri

Amendment 3: On establishing a right to abortion access; this would overturn a state ban.
Yes
Montana

Amendment 128: On establishing a right to abortion access.
Yes
Nebraska

Amendments 434 & 439: One of these measures (#439) would establish “a right to abortion until fetal viability;” the other (#434) would bar abortion in the second and third trimester. The amendments’ coexistence may be setting up a legal showdown
Yes (434) & No (439)
Nevada

Question 6: On establishing a right to abortion access.
Yes
New York

Prop 1: On protecting people from discrimination on a number of grounds, including ethnicity, sexual orientation, and reproductive healthcare.
Yes
South Dakota

Amendment G: On establishing a right to abortion access, overturning a state ban.
Texas, Amarillo

Prop A: On banning people from traveling out of state for an abortion.
No
Drug policy
Arkansas

Issue 3: On legalizing medical marijuana. (Update: The secretary of state and supreme court have invalidated the measure.)
N/A
Florida

Amendment 3: On legalizing recreational marijuana.
No
Massachusetts

Question 4: On legalizing psychedelic substances.
No
Nebraska 

Amendments 437 & 438: On legalizing and regulating marijuana for medical use.
Yes
North Dakota

Measure 5: On legalizing recreational marijuana.
No
South Dakota

Measure 29: On legalizing recreational marijuana.
No
Texas: Dallas 

Prop 18: On decriminalizing the possession of small amounts of marijuana locally, instructing the police to stop issuing citations and making arrests.
Yes
Criminal justice and policing
Arizona

Prop 314: On significantly ramping up state involvement in immigration enforcement.
Yes
Arizona

Prop 311: On a new fee on criminal convictions to establish a first responder death benefit.
Yes
Arizona

Prop 312: On threatening localities that don’t enforce homelessness bans with loss of property tax revenue. Read more in Bolts and The Marshall Project.
Yes
California

Prop 6: On removing the “slavery clause” from the state constitution and ending forced prison labor, Bolts reports .
California 

Prop 36: On increasing sentences for some theft and drug crimes.
Yes
Colorado

Amendment I: On removing a right to bail for people accused of first-degree murder.
Yes
Colorado

Prop 128: On making some incarcerated people have to wait longer before they can apply for parole.
Colorado

Prop 130: On allocating $350 million from the general budget for initiatives meant to boost policing like increasing officer salaries or making new hires.
Yes
Nevada

Question 4: On removing the “slavery clause” from the state constitution, which may help reduce forced prison labor.
Yes
Texas, Dallas 

Prop 21: On requiring that Dallas hire hundreds of additional police officers.
Labor
Alaska

Measure 1: On increasing the minimum wage, and setting up paid sick leave.
Yes
Arizona

Prop 138: On lowering the tipped minimum wage by 25 percent.
No
California

Prop 32: On increasing the minimum wage to $18.
Louisiana: New Orleans

On adding a ‘worker’s bill of rights’ to the city charter to bolster labor protections.
Yes
Massachusetts

Question 3: On allowing rideshare drivers to unionize.
Yes
Massachusetts

Question 5: On increasing the tipped minimum wage.
No
Missouri

Prop A: On increasing the minimum wage to $15, and mandating paid sick leave.
Yes
Nebraska

Amendment 436: On requiring businesses to offer paid sick leave to their employees.
Yes
South Dakota

Amendment F: On paving the way to work requirements for people to obtain Medicaid.
Yes
See also: The list of criminal justice referendums, above, details two measures in Nevada and California that touch on forced prison labor.
Voting and election rules
1. Redistricting reform
California: Los Angeles

Measures DD and LL: On setting up independent redistricting processes for the city council and for school districts, in the wake of the scandals that surrounded the most recent gerrymandering.
Yes
Ohio

Issue 1: On bringing an independent redistricting commission to Ohio as a way to halt gerrymandering.
No
2. Who can vote?
California: Albany

Measure V: On lowering the voting age to allow 16- and 17-year olds to vote in municipal elections.
California: Santa Ana

Measure DD: On allowing noncitizen residents to vote in municipal elections, a practice in place in some places around the nation.
No
Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Wisconsin

In each state, on adding bans in state constitutions against noncitizens voting in elections.
Yes
Iowa

Amendment 1: On allowing 17-year olds to vote in primaries if they will be 18 by the time of the general election. The measure also bars noncitizens from voting.
Yes
3. On accessing ballots
Connecticut

On allowing no-excuse mail voting in the state, a reform that’d particularly expand access for people with disabilities.
Yes
Nevada

Question 7: On imposing voter ID rules.
Yes
4. On the design of elections
Alaska

Measure 2: On repealing the state’s open primary and ranked-choice voting system. Native leaders have mobilized to defend it, Bolts reports.
Arizona

Prop 133: On requiring partisan primaries, and outlawing ranked-choice voting.
No
Arizona

Prop 140: On setting up a new voting system with open primaries, and candidates that move forward regardless of party.
No
Arizona 

Prop 137: On ending elections for judges, including for the current cycle. Read more in Bolts.
No
California: Richmond
Illinois: Oak Park


These are the localities voting on adopting ranked-choice for their own elections.
Colorado

Prop 131: On making Colorado use open primaries and ranked-choice voting for its elections.
No
Florida

Amendment 1: On making school board elections partisan in Florida.
No
Florida

Amendment 6: On ending public funding for campaigns.
No
Idaho

On making Idaho use open primaries and ranked-choice voting for its elections, reversing a 2023 ban.
No
Maine 

Question 1: On restricting financial contributions to PACs.
Yes
Missouri

Amendment 7: On banning ranked-choice voting in the state, and banning noncitizen voting.
Yes
Montana

Initiatives 126 and 127: These are designed together; they would replace the partisan primaries with an all-party primary that advances four candidates; and then require 50 percent to win that general election (without specifying a method).
Nevada 

Question 3: On bringing open primaries and ranked-choice voting to Nevada elections; it’s a repeat of a 2022 vote, which Bolts reported on at the time, as an initiative must pass twice.
No
Oregon

Measure 117: On making Oregon run its federal and state elections using ranked-choice voting; the voting method is already largely used in the Portland region.
No
South Dakota

Amendment H: On replacing partisan primaries with an all-party primary and a top 2 general election.
No
Washington, DC

Initiative 83: On bringing ranked-choice to D.C. elections, and allowing independents to vote in primaries.
Yes
5. On the rules of direct democracy
Arizona

Prop 134 and 136: On making it harder to qualify citizen-led initiatives for the ballot, as Bolts reported, and on making it easier for people to challenge ballot initiatives in court.
No
North Dakota

Measure 2: On making it tougher for ballot initiatives to pass, including by requiring that they be adopted twice on different dates within the same year.
No
Utah

Amendment D: The state supreme court on Sept. 26 voided this measure, which would have overturned a recent court ruling that shielded some ballot initiatives from legislative gutting. It will still appear on the ballot, but the results will not count.
N/A
Texas: Houston 

Prop 9: On making it easier to qualify citizen-initiated ballot measures. 
LGBTQ+ rights
California (Prop 3)
Colorado (Amendment J)
Hawaii
Each of these states’ measure would remove language against same-sex marriage from the state constitution. In California, it would undo the infamous Proposition 8 from 2008.All yes
Housing
California

Prop 33: On authorizing local governments to set up rent control.
California: Los Angeles County

Measure A: On a 0.5 percent sales tax to fund affordable housing and homelessness services.
California: San Francisco

Prop G: On setting up a new affordable housing fund.
Colorado: Denver

On a 0.5 percent sales tax to fund affordable housing.
Louisiana: New Orleans

On setting up a new trust fund for affordable housing.
Rhode Island

Question 3: On a $120 million bond for housing.
Yes
Some of the measures listed under the theme ‘taxation,’ below, would have major ramifications for housing, whether because they touch on property taxes, or because they would affect future housing measures like California’s Prop 5.
Climate
California

Prop 4: On authorizing $10 billion in bonds for various environmental projects.
Hawaii: Honolulu

Measure 1: On allocating a portion of tax revenue to a Climate Resilience Fund
Louisiana 

On devoting revenue derived from renewable energy sources to coastal restoration work.
South Dakota

Referred law 21: On blocking a state law that critics say is meant to ease the way for carbon dioxide pipelines.
No
Washington

Initiative 2066: On barring restrictions on natural gas, and strike down new environmental regulations.
Washington

Initiative 2117: On barring cap-and-trade policies and repeal a state program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
No
Transportation
Arizona: Flagstaff

On increasing the local sales tax to specifically fund public transit through 2040.
Arizona: Maricopa County

On continuing a sales tax devoted to transportation, with roughly a third going to public transit.
California: San Francisco

Prop L: On taxing Uber and Lyft rides to fund public transit.
California: San Diego

On setting up a half-cent sales tax to pay for transportation projects, including public transit.
Colorado: Eight counties within the Denver region’s RTD

On removing revenue restrictions from the Regional Transportation District, allowing it to continue spending more money on transit projects.
Georgia: Cobb & Gwinnett counties

On increasing each counties’ sales tax to fund bus operations and bus rapid transit projects.
Ohio: Columbus region

On increasing the sales tax to significantly ramp up bus services, plus build new pedestrian and bike paths.
Yes
South Carolina: Richland County

On continuing a sales tax increase that funds transportation services, including some public transit.
South Carolina: Charleston

On increasing the sales tax to fund transportation projects, including some public transit.
Tennessee: Nashville

On increasing the local sales tax to fund bus services and pedestrian paths.
Yes
Virginia: Fairfax County

On authorizing $180 million in bonds to upgrade the Metro system.
Washington: Seattle

On a property tax levy to fund street projects, including bike lanes.
Guns
Colorado

Proposition KK: On imposing a new tax on gun and ammo sales.
Tennessee, Memphis

On imposing new gun control measures. GOP state lawmakers have made it clear they’ll take action to block it amid a state culture of preemption.
Education
California

Prop 2: On authorizing $10 billion in bonds for education spending.
Yes
Colorado

Amendment 80: On adding “rights to school choice” in the state constitution, defining school choice to include private schools and charter schools.
No
Colorado: Denver

On a $975 million proposal that is the biggest bonds plan Denver has asked voters for public schools funding.
Yes
Kentucky

Amendment 2: On allowing public funding of private schools.
No
Massachusetts 

Question 2: Would end a requirement that students pass the standardized MCAS test to graduate
Yes
Nebraska

Referendum 435: On whether to keep a program that funds children to attend private schools.
Repeal
Utah

Amendment A: On ending mandate that Utah spend income tax revenue o public schools. (Update: A state court voided this measure.)
N/A
Utah

Amendment B: On increasing funding to public schools.
Yes
Governance
Arizona

Prop 135: On limiting the power of the governor vis-a-vis the legislature when it comes to declaring a state of emergency.
No
Arizona

Prop 315: On limiting the power of regulatory agencies to issue regulations without the legislature.
No
California, Los Angeles

Amendment ER: On strengthening the city’s ethics commission; the measure comes in the wake of scandals that engulfed City Hall.
Yes
Oregon

Measure 115: On creating a path for lawmakers to impeach state officials.
Yes
Colorado

Amendment H: On creating a new independent body to oversee misconduct in the judiciary.
Yes
Massachusetts

Question 1: Would empower the state auditor to evaluate the legislature.
Yes
New Hampshire

On increasing the retirement age of judges.
No
Taxation
California

Prop 5: On lowering the threshold for ballot measures authorizing new housing and infrastructure bonds, from two-thirds to 55 percent.
No
Colorado

Prop JJ: On allowing Colorado to keep excess tax revenue from casinos and other betting operators, instead of refunding it to them.
Yes
Florida

Amendment 5: On exempting more home value from property taxes.
Yes
Georgia

On increasing the state’s property tax exemptions.
Nevada

Question 5: On exempting diapers from the sales tax.
Yes
North Dakota

Measure 4: On eliminating property taxes, which would be a national first.
No
Oregon

Measure 118: On increasing corporate taxes to distribute $1,600 to every state resident.
No
South Dakota

Measure 28: On banning sales tax on groceries.
No
Washington

Initiative 2109: On repealing a capital gains tax on the wealthy.
No
Modernizing language
Nevada

Question 2: On amending the constitution to remove certain terms like “the insane” and replace them with people-first language.
North Dakota 

Measure 1: On amending the constitution to remove certain terms like “the insane” and replace them with people-first language.
South Dakota

Amendment E: On removing generic male pronouns from the state constitution.
Other topics
California

Prop 34: This one is complicated: It’d restrict how the AIDS Healthcare Foundation can spend its money, largely in a bid by the landlord lobby to kneecap an organization that’s pushed for rent control and resisted some development projects.
Colorado

Prop 127: On banning trophy hunting in the state.
No
Colorado: Denver

On banning slaughterhouses in Denver, and the manufacturing and sale of fur products.
No
Illinois: Seven counties

On whether the counties should secede from Illinois, a conservative-driven symbolic proposal.
Yes
Maine

Question 5: On greenlighting a new state flag for the state of Maine.
No
Missouri

Amendment 2: On legalizing sports betting in Missouri.
Yes
Puerto Rico

On asking residents whether they would prefer statehood or independence, or a third path.
Statehood
Rhode Island

Question 1: On deciding if Rhode Island should hold a convention to revise its constitution.
No
West Virginia

Amendment 1: On prohibiting physician-assisted suicide.
Yes

State Offices

Supreme courts
Alabama

This court ruled earlier this year that frozen embryos are children, endangering IVF. One of the associate justices who voted with the majority is the GOP nominee for chief justice; she faces a Democratic challenger. Learn more in Bolts.
GOP
Arkansas

Two sitting justices—moderate Karen Baker and conservative Rhonda Wood—are running for chief justice, in a game of musical chairs that could shift the court even further to the right, Bolts reports
Baker
Arizona: Two seats

Progressive organizers are pushing voters to reject two justices who voted to revive a 19th century law banning abortion, Bolts reports.
All retained
Colorado: Three seats

This supreme court drew headlines in late 2023 with its short-lived ruling kicking Trump off of the state’s ballot. Three justices are seeking new terms. Learn more in Bolts.
All retained
Florida: Two seats

Two conservative justices who voted to uphold the state’s abortion ban are seeking new terms, though no justice has ever lost a retention race in Florida. Learn more in Bolts.
All retained
Kentucky

The race to replace a retiring conservative justice may shift this court to the left; liberals support Pamela Goodwine and conservatives back Erin Izzo. (This race is in a central Kentucky district.) Learn more in Bolts.
Goodwine
Michigan: Two seats

Democrats have a 4-to-3 majority and each party is defending a seat this fall, so the GOP could gain a majority. The court has issued major decisions from criminal justice to democracy, Bolts reports.
Dems win both.
Minnesota: Two seats

Two justices who were appointed or promoted by Tim Walz face conservative challengers. Learn more in Bolts.
Incumbents won.
Mississippi

Justice James Kitchens, who dissented in the court’s 2021 decision striking down direct democracy, is running for reelection against four challengers. Learn more.
Montana: Two seats

This supreme court has been a thorn in the side of GOP politicians. Two justices are retiring, and conservatives see this as a major opportunity to reshape the court in their favor, Bolts reports.
Split results.
North Carolina

Democrats hold just two of seven seats and are in danger of slipping further as Justice Allison Riggs, a former civil rights attorney, seeks a full term. Learn more in Bolts.
Ohio: Three seats

Republicans have a 4-to-3 majority, and three seats are on the ballot—two held by Democrats, one by the GOP—so the court could shift in either direction, including a potential flip to Democrats. Learn more.
GOP
Oklahoma: Three seats

Conservatives have mounted a campaign to oust three justices, each appointed by a Democratic governor, and who they say are stymieing right-wing change in the state.
One of three was ousted.
Texas: Six seats

There are six seats across two high courts. Abortion rights groups are targeting three GOP incumbents on the supreme court over rulings upholding the state’s near-total ban.

Three arch-conservatives are seeking seats on the Court of Criminal Appeals; they won primaries against GOP incumbents who drew hard-right ire politicians for rulings that limited Attorney General Ken Paxton’s power to prosecute election crimes. Learn more.
All GOP
Washington

The race to fill this open seat is ostensibly nonpartisan, but Sal Mungia is backed by the Democratic governor; Dave Larson has criticized the current court for issuing decisions that are too progressive. Learn more.
There are many other supreme court seats on the ballot this year, though dozens are uncontested or uncompetitive.

Find out more in our state-by-state guide.
Appellate courts
Arizona
| Court of Appeals

Angela Paton, a court of appeals judge, is running for retention; her husband lobbied for a constitutional amendment that, if passed, would nullify Paton’s election result.
Retained
Florida
| Court of Appeals

After local judge Jared Smith drew national scrutiny in early 2022 for denying a teenager an abortion, Tampa voters ousted him from the bench that summer. But Ron DeSantis appointed him to a court of appeal instead in the state’s 6th district. Smith now faces a retention vote to stay on the bench.
Retained
Kentucky
| Court of Appeals

Lisa Payne Jones, who was appointed to this appellate court by Democratic Governor Andy Beshear last year, is challenged by self-described conservative Jason Fleming. (The race is nonpartisan.)
Jones
North Carolina
| Court of Appeals (three seats)

In one of the nation’s most polarized judicial systems, Republicans already have a large majority on this appeals court—11 to 4. Democrats are defending one seat, and the GOP is defending two seats, in this fall’s statewide races.
Elections chiefs: Secretary of state, or equivalent office
Missouri

A Republican lawmaker who repeats Trump’s lies about 2020 wants to become secretary of state. Learn more at Bolts.
GOP
Montana

The GOP secretary of state is seeking reelection after spending her first term backing new restrictions on voter access. Learn more in Bolts.
GOP
Oregon

In this open race for secretary of state, the GOP nominee is a lawmaker who wants to eliminate mail voting and fought to overturn the results of the 2020 election. Learn more in Bolts.
Dem
Vermont

A Democratic secretary of state is running for a second term against a Republican election denier. Learn more in Bolts.
Dem
Utah

The GOP lieutenant governor, the official in charge of elections here, is running for reelection after beating an election denier in her primary. Learn more in Bolts.
GOP
Washington

The Democratic secretary of state is challenged by a Republican who takes issue with some of the state’s election rules. Learn more in Bolts.
Dem
West Virginia 

The GOP secretary of state, who attended a “stop the steal” rally, is retiring, and his brother is running to take his place. Learn more in Bolts.
GOP
In Delaware, Maine, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Tennessee, voters are deciding their elections chief indirectly this fall—by choosing the public officials who’ll have appointment power. Our Bolts guide walks you through each of them
Attorneys general
Indiana

GOP Attorney General Todd Rokita attacked a physician who provided an abortion to a 10-year-old rape victim, and was reprimanded for it by his state’s highest court. He now seeks a full-term against Democrat Destiny Scott Wells. 
GOP
Missouri

Andrew Bailey amassed a conservative record since he was appointed last year, including stalling n initiative to protect abortion rights and fighting to defeat a deal to spare the life of Marcellus Williams despite the paucity of evidence against him. He faces civil rights attorney Elad Gross.
GOP
Montana

The Associated Press reported this spring that incumbent Austin Knudsen had recruited someone to challenge him in the GOP primary so he’d be allowed to raise more money. Knusden faces Democrat Ben Alke.
GOP
North Carolina

Dan Bishop, who voted to overturn the 2020 elections, would gain authority to investigate elections and affect voting rights if he becomes attorney general; he faces Democrat Jeff Jackson.
Dem
Oregon

With the Democratic incumbent retiring, the GOP is going for its first statewide win since 2016; the race features a Republican prosecutor versus the state’s former Democratic speaker.
Dem
Pennsylvania

A former Democratic auditor faces a Republican DA for an office that can be a stepping stone for higher ambitions, in addition to having influence on the state’s criminal justice policies.
GOP
Washington

Democrat Nicholas Brown, a former U.S. Attorney, faces Pete Serrano, director of a conservative organization that has fought against the state’s gun regulations. The two have also clashed over some of the state’s abortion protections.
Dem
Three other states have attorney general races: Utah, Vermont, and West Virginia.
Other statewide offices
Arkansas
| Treasurer

Secretary of State John Thurston, now running for treasurer, just helped stall and sink a ballot measure that was meant to protect abortion rights, which Democrat John Pagan is faulting him for.
GOP
Montana
| Clerk of the supreme court

This is the only state in the nation that elects its supreme court clerk. The GOP incumbent is making the case he can be a conservative guardrail against a court that leans liberal.
GOP
North Carolina
| Lieutenant governor

Who’ll replace Mark Robinson? Republican Hal Weatherman is assailing “woke” ideas like social-emotional learning; he faces Democrat Rachel Hunt.
Dem
North Carolina
| Superintendent of public instruction

Republican Michele Morrow has called public schools “indoctrination centers,” suggested Barack Obama should be executed, and called on Trump to use the military to overturn the 2020 election. She ousted the GOP incumbent in the primary, and now faces Democrat Mo Green. 
Dem
North Carolina
| Auditor 

A conservative Republican is challenging an appointed Democrat, and promising to set up a division to pursue investigations into elections. Learn more in Bolts.
GOP
North Carolina
| Labor commissioner

This office has been in GOP hands for decades despite Democratic success in other state elections. Labor groups are hoping to elect the first hourly union worker to the job, Democrat Braxton Winston. He faces Republican attorney Luke Farley.
GOP
North Carolina
| Secretary of state

Democrat Elaine Marshall has been secretary of state for more than a quarter of a century, and she is running for an eighth term in an expensive race
Dem
North Carolina
| Treasurer, agriculture commissioner, and insurance commissioner

The many elections above are likely North Carolina Democrats’ best shots to win down ballot offices. But if Robinson’s scandals drags down the GOP, watch these three races for upsets. The treasurer race is open, while the other two races feature GOP incumbents.
GOP
Oregon
| Treasurer

Two state senators are facing off to be the next treasurer and oversee the state’s investments, Democrat Elizabeth Steiner and Republican Brian Boquist, who was barred from seeking reelection because he took part in a walkout with others in his party.
Pennsylvania
| Auditor general

GOP incumbent Timothy DeFoor faces Democrat Malcolm Kenyatta, a lawmaker who came off an unsuccessful Senate bid to challenge him. Learn more in Bolts.
Pennsylvania
| Treasurer

Democratic leaders once targeted GOP incumbent Stacy Garrity for associating herself with election deniers. Now that she faces a reelection bid, they’re largely writing off Erin McClelland, a substance abuse counselor who scored an upset in the Democratic primary.
Washington
| Superintendent of public instruction

In this nonpartisan race, Democrats back incumbent Chris Reykdal; the state GOP endorsed David Olson. They differ starkly on whether to expand school vouchers and on inclusionary policies toward trans students.
Washington
| Public land commissioner

Jaime Herrera Beutler, a former member of Congress, is arguably the GOP’s best chance to win a statewide office in Washington this year, but Dave Upthegrove will benefit from the state’s blue lean.

Democrats came wildly close (51 votes out of 2 millions cast) from not even having a candidate in this general election for the office that oversees the department of natural resources.
The states of Delaware, Indiana, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Vermont, Utah, and Washington are electing some statewide executive officials who are not on this present list.
State boards
Arizona
| Corporate Commission (three seats)

Democrats can grab a majority on this body, which regulates state utilities, if they sweep all three seats on the ballot. All candidates appear on one statewide ballot, and the top three win.
New Hampshire
| Executive council: Districts 1, 3-5

This unusual body has powers like confirming state judges and other appointments. The GOP has a 4-1 edge, but all five seats are on the ballot this fall. The GOP only narrowly won districts 1, 3, 4, and 5 two years ago.
Nebraska
| State board of education: Districts 1-4

While these races are ostensibly nonpartisan, board members have affiliations and they differ on issues such as charter schools and trans rights. Earlier this year, the board voted 5-to-3 against adopting a book-banning policy pushed by conservatives.

All four seats that are up this year are held by members in the majority in that decision, and none is seeking reelection. In districts 1 to 3, conservatives backed by a PAC called Protect Nebraska Children face candidates backed by the Nebraska State Education Association, a labor group. In the 4th, an NSEA-backed Democrat faces an independent.
Nevada
| Board of education: District
1

An activist with the conservative organization Moms for Liberty, Tim Underwood, is running for one of the four elected seats on Nevada’s board of education. Underwood has said current members of the board are abusing and indoctrinating children due to inclusive policies and tolerance for LGBTQ-themed books.
Texas
| State board of education: District 11

The GOP already dominates this board, though conservatives have tried to push it further right. In District 11, in the Fort Worth region, a 27-year old conservative pastor ousted a GOP incumbent in the primary but he now must win a general election against a Democratic math teacher.

Elsewhere in the state, two GOP incumbents who barely survived primary challengers want new terms in Districts 10 and 12. Democrats are favored to win Districts 1, 3, and 4. The GOP is favored to win District 15.
Note: Kansas, New Mexico, Nevada, Ohio, Utah also have elections for their statewide board of educations.

Local Offices

Election administrators
Arizona | Maricopa County (Phoenix)

In the nation’s largest swing county, the office that runs elections is up for grabs: The incumbent GOP recorder was ousted in the primary by Justin Heap, a lawmaker whose campaign drew heavy support from prominent election deniers. Heap now faces Democrat Tim Stringham.
Arizona | Yuma County

David Lara, who has repeated false information about elections in Arizona and who helped inspire the debunked far-right film “2,000 Mules,” ousted the Republican incumbent recorder in the August primary and now faces Democrat Emilia Cortez.
Arizona | Cochise County

If Arizona as a whole has been a hotbed of false conspiracies about fraud, a lot of conservatives’ most visible efforts to upend the elections system have taken place in Cochise County. That’s in part because of Recorder David Stevens, a Republican who has worked closely with prominent election deniers. He is now running for reelection against Democrat Anne Carl, who faces a tough path in this conservative area.
Florida | Alachua, Hillsborough, Monroe, Palm Beach, Osceola, and Seminole

A coordinated coalition of ‘America First’ candidates want to take over the offices of supervisor of elections across Florida. Coalition candidates advanced to the general election in these six counties, Bolts reports.
Florida | Miami-Dade County

Miami-Dade is choosing its first elected supervisor of elections. The Democratic nominee is J.C. Planas, a former Republican lawmaker who says he switched parties to protest Trump’s lies about the 2020 election. He’ll face Republican Alina Garcia, a lawmaker who was endorsed by Trump.
Michigan | Antrim County

This county clerk was set to retire this year, but, upset that a candidate with affinities to false election conspiracies won the GOP primary, she is mounting a write-in bid to stay in the office.
Prosecutors
Arizona | Maricopa County (Phoenix)

County Attorney Rachel Mitchell, a Republican, faces Democrat Tamika Wooten who has accused her of “leniency” toward defendants and faulted the use of diversion programs. Learn more in Bolts‘ guide.
California | Alameda County (Oakland)

Pamela Price, Oakland’s progressive DA, vowed to lessen incarceration and now faces a recall vote organized by the same forces who targeted Chesa Boudin in San Francisco, Bolts reports.
California | Los Angeles County

DA George Gascón, who introduced big reforms after winning in 2020, faces a tough reelection battle against Nathan Hochman, a former Republican nominee for attorney general who wants to roll back his changes.
California | San Francisco

DA Brooke Jenkins, who replaced the progressive Chesa Boudin after Boudin’s recall in 2022, now faces Ryan Khojasteh, a former prosecutor who was hired by Boudin and fired by Jenkins. Learn more in our guide to DA races.
Colorado | 18th District (Arapahoe County)

This populous county may end up with its first reform-minded DA, Bolts reports, if Democrat Amy Padden defeats former Republican prosecutor Carol Chambers.
Colorado | 23rd District (Douglas County)

Republican George Brauchler, a tough-on-crime former DA, is close to completing his comeback as he runs in a newly designed conservative district, Bolts reports.
Florida | Hillsborough County (Tampa)

Two years after Ron DeSantis removed him from office as Tampa’s chief prosecutor, Democrat Andrew Warren is running for his old job against his Republican replacement, Bolts reports.
GOP
Florida | Orange (Orlando) and Osceola counties

Here, too, a Democratic prosecutor suspended by DeSantis is asking voters to return her to the job; unlike in Tampa, the DeSantis-appointed incumbent is running as an independent.
Dem
Georgia | Clarke (Athens), Oconoee and Chatham (Savannah) counties

A new GOP law that permits the removal of prosecutors by a state board was widely perceived to target first-term Democratic DAs Deborah Gonzales (in Clarke and Oconee counties) and Shalena Cook Jones (in Chatham County). Now they face reelection against independent Kalki Yalamanchili and Republican Andre Pretorius, respectively. Learn more in our guide to DA races.
Yalamanchili and Cook Jones
Georgia | Fulton County (Atlanta)

Democratic DA Fani Willis is heavily favored in blue Atlanta, but her race against a former Trump lawyer is heavy with symbolism given Willis’ attempts to prosecute Trump.
Dem
Illinois | Lake County and DeKalb County

Few prosecutors in Illinois backed the reform abolishing cash bail. One year after implementation, the reform is occasioning debates in two counties, Bolts explains: Lake County, where a Democratic incumbent favorable to the reform faces a GOP challenger, and DeKalb County, where a Republican prosecutor who strongly opposed it is retiring.
Kansas | Johnson County

In the state’s most populous county, longterm Republican DA Steve Howe faces Democrat Vanessa Riebli. Issues of abortion and policing have been are the forefront; learn more in our guide to DA races.
GOP
Michigan | Ingham County

As one of the four members of the State Board of Canvassers in November 2020, Norm Shinkle refused to certify Trump’s loss. Now he is the GOP nominee against Democratic incumbent John Dewane.
Dem
Michigan | Macomb County

In this county north of Detroit, Republican DA Pete Lucido has faced accusations of ethical misconduct and sexual harassment, and he now faces Democrat Christina Hines. Learn more in our guide to DA races.
GOP
Michigan | Oakland County

In another suburban county, Democratic incumbent Karen McDonald, who has pursued some criminal justice reforms during her first term, faces GOP challenger Scott Farida who wants to roll them back. Learn more in our guide to DA races.
Dem
New York | Albany County

The anti-reform DA of New York’s capital county was defeated in the Democratic primary, but he’s now mounting a write-in bid. Read more in Bolts
Dem
Ohio | Hamilton County (Cincinnati)

Republican Melissa Powers, appointed as Cincinnati’s prosecutor last year, faces former Democratic lawmaker Connie Pillich. While Pillich has not focused on criminal justice reform, Powers has cast herself as a critical barrier to “woke” officials. Learn more in our guide to prosecutor races.
Dem
Ohio | Franklin County (Columbus)

Shayla Favor, a Columbus councilmember, won a tough Democratic primary on what she called a “progressive vision for public safety.” She’s favored to win this general election in this blue county against Republican John Rutan who has shared conspiracy theories about 9/11 and election fraud.
Dem
South Carolina | Charleston County

A staff prosecutor was fired by the GOP solicitor for making comments that mocked racial justice; he’s now challenging his former boss as the Democratic nominee. Learn more in our guide to prosecutor races.
GOP
Texas | Harris County (Houston) DA

In the Democratic primary, former prosecutor Sean Teare ousted his former boss, DA Kim Ogg, who was a leading antagonist of local bail reforms. Teare now faces Republican Dan Simons, another former prosecutor, and he has continued to defend ramping up local criminal justice reforms.
Dem
Texas | Travis County (Austin) DA

José Garza, Austin’s reform-minded DA, prevailed in the Democratic primary over a challenger backed by tech money who accused him of endangering public safety. Republican Daniel Betts has picked up where the primary left off, but the incumbent is favored to win in this blue county.
Dem
Sheriffs
Arizona | Maricopa County (Phoenix) 

Republican Jerry Sheridan, a former deputy under Sheriff Joe Arpaio, is running again, four years after he lost his first bid for sheriff. This time, he faces Democratic nominee Tyler Kamp, a former police officer in Phoenix who has stressed as a positive that he has not worked under Arpaio. Learn more in our guide to sheriff races.
GOP
Arizona | Pima County (Tucson)

The race between Democratic Sheriff Chris Nanos and Republican challenger Heather Lappin, who works in his office, has erupted in controversy in the final stretch of the campaign, in a race that’s unfolding against the backdrop of deaths in the local jail and statewide debates on immigration. Learn more in our guide to sheriff races.
Florida | Clay County

Former sheriff Darryl Daniels is running for his old job against incumbent Michelle Cook, four years after losing to her amid an abuse of power scandal involving allegations that he wrongfully detained a mistress. Daniels, who was acquitted by a jury in 2022, also has a history of aggressive statements against Black Lives Matter protesters.
Florida | Miami-Dade County

This is Miami-Dade County’s first sheriff election since the 1960s—the position was appointed for decades—and Republican Rosie Cordero-Stutz faces Democrat James Reyes.
Georgia | Chatham County (Savannah)

The Savannah jail, long plagued by allegations of neglect and abuse has become a flashpoint in the race between GOP Sheriff John Wilcher and his Democratic challenger Richard Coleman. Learn more in our guide to sheriff’s races
Dem
Georgia | Cobb and Gwinnett counties

Democrats in 2020 flipped the sheriffs offices of these two suburban counties, and the new sheriffs quickly withdrew from ICE programs. But the GOP retaliated by passing a law that requires sheriffs to collaborate with ICE. Now, Republicans are trying to gain back the offices.
Dem
Kansas | Johnson County

Democrats hope to flip the office in Kansas’ most populous county for the first time in nearly a century, even if the primary defeat of Sheriff Calvin Hayden, an election denier who kept investigating the 2020 election, has muted the race. Learn more in our guide to sheriff races.
New Jersey | Bergen County

A Republican police chief, fresh off being vindicated against an indictment but with a broader history of controversy, is challenging a Democratic sheriff for the second time.
Ohio | Portage County 

Republican Sheriff Bruce Zuchowski called on residents of his county to “write down all the addresses” of people who support Kamala Harris. He is up for reelection against Democrat Jon Barber, who told Bolts that he thinks Zuchowski engaged in “voter intimidation.” Learn
South Carolina | Charleston County

The first-term Democratic sheriff restricted collaboration with ICE soon after she won office in 2020; the GOP is attacking her furiously on that position.
Texas | Harris County (Houston) sheriff

Sheriff Ed Gonzalez, a Democrat who embraced bail reform and other changes, but who is also overseeing jails that are rife with abuse, faces Republican Mike Knox, a former Houston police officer who wants to ramp up policing and join ICE’s 287(g) program, which Gonzalez left in 2017. 
Texas | Tarrant County (Fort Worth)

Sheriff Bill Waybourn is seeking reelection against Democrat Pat Moses, after two terms that saw a surge in jail deaths and heavy organizing for more accountability into the office practices, Bolts reports.
GOP
Washington | Pierce County

The incumbent is retiring in the state’s second most populous county, to be replaced by Democrat Patti Jackson or Keith Swank. Amid scandals involving use of force by office, advocates hope for reforms to local law enforcement.
Local leadership: Mayors, councils, county boards
Arizona
| Control of the Maricopa County board 

Democrats could flip the local government in one of the nation’s largest counties—alternatively, the far-right could grow its presence on the board. It’ll come down to two races.

In District 1, Republican Jack Sellers, the chair of the board who received death threats for rejecting far-right lies about fraud in the 2020 and 2022 elections, was ousted in the GOP primary. Sellers has since crossed party lines to endorse Democrat Joel Navarro instead of Mark Stewart, a Republican has declined to say if he would have certified results either year.

Democrats also hope to flip the 3rd district, which is held by a retiring Republican but voted for Joe Biden in 2020. The party needs to sweep both races to gain control of the board.
Arizona
| Mesa mayor

The first-round in August saw two candidates who are ideologically close prevail over more progressive or conservative candidates; now one of Mark Freeman and Scott Smith will become the mayor of Arizona’s third most populous city.
California
| Los Angeles city council, District 14

Councilmember Kevin de León, who refused to resign after being recorded in a conversation making racist remarks alongside other Los Angeles officials, faces challenger Ysabel Jurado.
Jurado
California
| Control of the San Diego County board 

Can Democrats defend this populous county? They won a 3-2 majority on the board in 2020 for the first time in more than 30 years. But Supervisor Terra Lawson-Remer now faces a tough challenge in the third district from former San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer, a Republican who performed poorly in his run for governor in 2021.
California
| Oakland mayor (recall)

Oakland Mayor Sheng Thao, a progressive first elected in 2022, faces a recall vote pushed by real-estate and tech interests, alongside the county’s DA. But she also faces a federal probe that involved a federal raid of her home in June.
Recalled
California
| Sacramento mayor (nonpartisan)

In this open, nonpartisan race, an epidemiologist is making the case that her public health background would benefit the city as it confronts issues of gun violence and homelessness, Bolts reports.
California
| San Diego mayor (nonpartisan)

Mayor Todd Gloria faces Larry Turner, a police officer challenging him from his right; former public defender Geneviéve Jones-Wright, who challenged Gloria from the left, was eliminated in the primary.
Gloria
California
| San Francisco mayor

Mayor London Breed, who has pushed changes to boost policing, is seeking a second term against opponents like Mark Farrell who want an approach that’s more punitive, and Daniel Lurie, as well as against the more progressive Aaron Peskin.
Lurie
California
| San Francisco board of supervisors (six seats)

Dean Preston, the progressive supervisor of District 5, faces a deluge of tech money as he battles challengers who disagree with him on criminal justice and housing, as Mission Local details.

Five other races have drawn less fireworks but are important too. In District 1, progressive incumbent Connie Chan faces challengers to her right. District 7’s Myrna Melgar has challengers who want to boost police presence. The third, ninth, and 11th district are open races with clear contrasts between the city’s left-leaning and centrist blocs.
Florida
| Tallahassee council (District 2)

Progressives could flip control of the Tallahassee council, The Tallahassee Democrat reports, if former Mayor Dot Inman-Johnson ousts council member Curtis Richardson. The race is nonpartisan, but Republicans groups are pouring money to help Richardson.
Richardson
Montana
| Bozeman study commission

Tenants’ rights advocates are using a once-in-a-decade chance to reshape the way in which their municipal government is structured; they’re making the case that this would create more equitable representation and, eventually, more affordable housing. Bolts reports that this effort is coming to a head in November’s election for five seats on a study commission. 
Nevada
| Las Vegas mayor

In the ostensibly nonpartisan race, Democrats are bidding to regain the mayor’s office for the first time since 2010 with Shelley Berkley, a former Democratic member of Congress, facing Victoria Seaman, a Republican city councilmember.
Berkeley
New Jersey
| Control of the Atlantic County commission

Biden carried Atlantic County but the GOP has a 7 to 2 edge on the county commission. This year, three GOP-held seats are on the ballot (one at-large seat, plus districts 2 and 5), so Democrats could flip control.
GOP
New Jersey
| Cumberland and Gloucester County commissions

These two counties are a test of whether the GOP can maintain its gains in South Jersey, which were very notable in the last gubernatorial cycle in 2021.

In Cumberland, the GOP now holds all seven commissioner seats. In Gloucester, the GOP is in the minority but flipped two commissioners’ seats and the sheriff’s office, in upsets. Now, Democrats are looking to flip them back in Gloucester, and make a dent in Cumberland.
New Mexico
| Control of the Sandoval County commission 

The GOP has a 3-2 edge in the county commission of this county, home to Bernalillo. Can Democrats flip it? With two GOP incumbents retiring in districts 2 and 4, Democrats need to flip just one of the second or fourth districts.
GOP
Oklahoma
| Tulsa mayor

The sitting mayor is a Republican, but the GOP was shut out of this runoff between two Democrats—Monroe Nichols, a progressive lawmaker, and Karen Keith, a county commissioner who is now courting more conservative voters.
Nichols
Oklahoma | Tulsa city council

This race has drawn attention for the candidacy of Republican Eddie Huff, who opposes public funding for art, museums, and libraries, and says the city library is a “haven for the homeless.” He is challenging Democratic incumbent Lori Decter Wright.
Decter Wright
Oregon
| Portland mayor

This mayor’s office is transitioning to be more of a figurehead under a new system that will feature a non-elected administrator, but there’s still a fierce battle between 19 candidates, to be decided with ranked-choice voting. Many contenders have embraced hardline positions on law enforcement, especially when it comes to homelessness issues that have defined recent public debates in the city.

Portlanders must also decide between 98 candidates running for 12 city council positions, an explosion in the number of candidates due to new voting rules.
Keith Wilson
Texas
| Austin mayor

In his bid for reelection, Mayor Kirk Watson has piled campaign cash as he faces four challengers, some with backgrounds in community organizing.
Watson
Virginia
| Richmond mayor

Five candidates are running to lead Virginia’s capital; the nonpartisan race has been fairly quiet and low on policy contrasts, and more of a test of how the city’s demographics are changing, The Richmonder reports.
Washington
| Seattle council (District 8)

Only one council seat is up this year: Tanya Woo, an incumbent councilor who is part of the centrist faction that has gained ground recently, faces a more progressive challenger Alexis Mercedes Rinck.
Utah
| Salt Lake County mayor, and control of the board

Democrats have a shot at gaining full control of the local government of Utah’s largest county: County Mayor Jennie Wilson, a Democrat, is running for reelection. And Dems would flip the county board if they win three of the four seats on the ballot—an at-large seat, plus districts 2, 4, and 6.
Vermont
| Addison County high bailiff


This little-known office connected to the criminal legal system features a local official, now running for reelection, who is using his bully pulpit to argue for the abolition of elected sheriffs, Bolts reports.
Washington, D.C.
| City council

There’s typically little suspense in D.C.’s general elections, and, as usual, few of the council races are even contested this fall. There is technically some competition for the at-large council seats, one of which has to go to a non-Democrat, but independent incumbent Christina Henderson is the heavy favorite.
Local judges
California
| Los Angeles judgeships #39, #48, and #97

Public defenders are running for these seats by emphasizing a goal of reducing incarceration. Learn more in Bolts.
Illinois
| Cook County


Injustice Watch‘s rich guide to the Chicago region’s judicial elections walks you through the records of the 77 judges who are up for retention this fall. Pay attention in particular to the results of the races of Maura Slattery Boyle, Mary Margaret Brosnahan, and Mike McHale, three judges who have faced controversy for their practices on the bench.
Minnesota
| District 10
judge

A judicial candidate, Nathan Hansen, deleted thousands of social media posts in which he spread conservative conspiracy theories like Pizzagate, the Minnesota Reformer reports. He is challenging incumbent Helen Brosnahan, who was appointed by Governor Tim Walz.
Texas
| Houston criminal courts

Houston’s criminal court judgeships have been fiercely contested in recent years due to local debates over the jail and bail; this fall, twelve criminal court seats are contested across the county, Houston Landing details.
School boards
California, San Francisco (four seats via one election)

Two years after the recall of three left-leaning members, this board is in for more upheaval: Three incumbents are retiring, and the local teacher’s union unexpectedly endorsed a trio of moderates to replace them, as well as a progressive incumbent (Matt Alexander) who is seeking a new term. 
Florida | Six elections across the state

DeSantis, Florida’s conservative governor, has tried to move school boards to the right for years—and this year he endorsed 23 local candidates, often overlapping with Moms for Liberty. Eleven of his candidates lost in the August primary, and 6 prevailed.

The remaining 6 are vying in November runoffs in Brevard (Matt Susin), Hernando (Mark Cioffi), Lee (Vanessa Chaviano), Miami-Dade (Mary Blanco), Pinellas (Stacy Geier), and Volusia (Donna Brosemer) counties.
Illinois | Chicago school board

Chicago is electing school board members for the first time; elections will take place in each of 10 districts. The contests have morphed into a confrontation between the teacher’s union (a progressive force that endorsed a candidate in each district) and groups backing charter schools that have raised millions.
Nevada | Clark County (Las Vegas) school board

In one of the nation’s largest school districts, elections for two of the board’s seven seats feature candidates who have been active with Moms for Liberty, a group looking to push school policies to the right. Lydia Dominguez, running in District B, and Lorena Biassotti, running in District E, have targeted the current board for inclusive policies on matters like the rights of LGBTQ+ students. (They both distanced themselves from Moms for Liberty in the campaign’s final stretch.)
North Carolina | Wake County board of education

Conservatives are looking to gain a majority on the board of education of North Carolina’s most populous county, and are campaigning alongside the far-right candidate who is trying to take over the statewide school system, The News & Observer reports.

Democrats currently have a 7 to 2 majority, but four of their incumbents are running for reelection in districts 4, 5, 8, and 9. (A Republican is running for reelection in District 3.)